How are proffessional and managerial careers gendered and racialist Essay

How are proffessional and managerial careers gendered and racialist - Essay Example From this research it is clear that globalization and advancements in technology have led to the career advancement of women and fading of the cultural and feminist beliefs which have made women to increasingly participate in managerial and professional roles which were traditionally male dominated. Every individual despite his race is guaranteed by law a chance to develop in his career without any discrimination. This has however not always been the case since people from minority groups still face discrimination. Evidence from surveys conducted by Equality campaigner groups have shown that job applicants from minority races stood a higher of not being shortlisted for job interviews compared with white counterparts with similar qualifications. People from minority groups have been found to shy away from some professions due to perceived racial prejudice. Researchers have also shown that the racial background of an individual may determine their chances of getting into managerial job s. The government has however worked towards equality at job place by introducing stringent laws to guarantee equal opportunities for all. In professional careers, the role of gender is demonstrated by the perception of the society on the role of women in work activities. Some working environments such as construction and engineering work are considered to be hostile for women. According to Arditi and Balci, the perceptions and beliefs on gender and work continue to persist despite the fact that women have demonstrated the ability of performing duties which were considered to be meant for men.... Watts (2009, p. 23) illustrates that high profile organizations have been reported to show bias against women in the promotion into managerial positions. For example civil lawsuits have been staged by women against large organizations and companies such as Wal-Mart for allegation of gender bias in the appointment, promotion and compensation of female employees as compared to the male counterparts. Fisher, Gushue and Cerrone (2011, p. 447) assert that women in the UK’s construction industry who work as engineers face challenges in balancing the professional and domestic life because of the obligations they are expected to meet at home and the pressure at work. The cultural context and belief of the society on the participation of women in construction work show that men are considered to be most suited for the construction work. According to Watts (2009, p. 37), women face prejudice when working in a male dominated career because some roles and work activities are considered to be meant for men. The number of women within the construction industry is increasing despite the challenges and the prejudice associated with this career. The ability of women to survive in the male dominated career shows that they are qualified to be part of the team and it is contributing to the reduction of the discrimination in hiring female engineers. Therefore the professional identity of women in some managerial and professional careers is facing conflicts and challenges but they are decreasing with the growing civilization within world societies. It is notable that gender discrimination in managerial and professional careers is not always apparently

Advertisement and marketing communication Essay

Advertisement and marketing communication - Essay Example The new economy has brought success to e-bay and other organizations that use technology to apply marketing concepts like customer focus, good value, quality service and efficient exchange mechanisms for satisfying customer needs and wants. Basically marketing deals with identifying and meeting human and social needs. One of the shortest definitions of marketing is "meeting needs profitably (Kotler, 2003). Whether the marketer is Procter & Gamble, which created crest white strips in response to people's desire for whiter teeth; or Monster.com, which developed an online resume databank so job-hunters and employers can find each other more efficiently; or CarMax which invented a new way to sell used cars because people want more certainly when buying such vehicles, all illustrate a drive to turn a private or social need into a profitable business opportunity. Companies must carefully monitor their customers and competitors, continuously improve their value offerings, carefully define t he target market and value proposition, and take a long term view to satisfy customers, stockholders, employees, suppliers and channel partners. Modern marketing calls for more than developing a good product, pricing it attractively, and making it accessible. Companies must also communicate with present and potential stakeholders as well as general public. For companies it is not important to communicate but rather what to say, to whom and how often. The marketing communication mix consists of advertising, sales promotion, public relations and publicity, personal selling and direct marketing (Kolter, 1997). Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, good or service by an identified sponsor. Ads are a cost effective way to disseminate message, whether to build brand preference. In developing an advertisement programme, marketing mangers start by identifying the target market and buyer motives. Then they make 5 critical decisions known as five M's i.e. Mission (objectives) Money, Message, Media & Measurement. An advertising objective is a specifics communication task and achievement level to the accomplished with a specific audience in a specific period. Advertising objectives can be classified according to whether their aim is to inform, persuade, remind or reinforce. The international charity recruiting business school playing the major role through providing students who are voluntarily help small business to grow in the developing market. We are required to show in the advertisement that it conveys goodwill and image of the organization. So this advertisement could be categorized as institutional advertisements, which advocates its act and show its pioneer work. To develop an effective advertisement one has to identify the target audience. Here we have an organization, which has some genuine motives. Our target audience is the people, who are young, willing to be the part of society and work for the betterment of the society, people and organizations. So seeing the target audience of the advertisement we selected red color, which, depicts vibrant, energetic and highly self-motivated nature of youth and this color attracts people immediately. Here picture is showing the two basic domain of people or society that is haves and have-nots. There is a path, which is very difficult, but it can take the people from the category of have-nots towards who have. In between the path there are lots of roadblocks and potholes, which makes journey very difficult but our business school graduates have the capacity to make the transition mu ch easier and he/she is right there to help voluntarily. Specifying the objective of the message plays a crucial role in deciding the nature. Simple and humorous massages which could be able to convey the message effectively will play the trick. It's an advertisement about voluntary service so it must contain some motivating message, which could easily attract

Identify and assess the significance of three factors that contributed to American westward movement Essay Example for Free

Identify and assess the significance of three factors that contributed to American westward movement Essay This could be dismissed as ‘the grass is always greener’. There were however a number of factors involved. These included the search for precious metal, the possibility of obtaining land and the expansion of the railways. Although usually described as a move west, it was to some extent also a move south as in the case of those seeking gold and silver in Californian mines as a result of the accidental finding of gold by James Marshall in 1848 as described by Steve Weigand on the web page ‘The California Gold Rush, an era remembered. Land was seen as a form of wealth and the majority of those who migrated to America did so in the hope of obtaining land to farm. Under British rule Europeans had been restricted in their settlement to the area east of the Appalachians, but after the Revolutionary War this inhibition was removed and so people streamed south and west. Later, with the coming of the railways, markets in the north could be served from further west. This allowed the great expansion of cities such as New York and Chicago. see more:which was a factor that led to the scientific revolution In the years immediately before the American Civil War in the 1860’s the railways had built up into quite a network serving the eastern states, but afterwards they gradually spread over the rest of the country. This meant that people no longer had to spend many weeks of hardship in order to reach their destination and so the tiny townships already established by earlier settlers were quickly expanded new comers seeking for themselves and their families a better life. The Irish potato famine of the 1840’s as described on the History Place web page, ‘The Blight Begins’ led to many immigrants from that country, the majority would not have been city folk, so it is perhaps natural that some migrated to the western states where they saw at least some hope for their future, just like all the other migrants.

Covers of the High and Low: Attractions and Reflections Essay -- Book

Covers of the High and Low: Attractions and Reflections When preparing a book for publishing, companies surely convene to agree upon a suitable cover - its design, size, color, texture, print size and design, and so on. Not one of these ingredients would be arbitrary, but each seems to perform two functions - attracting the appropriate reading audience, and reflecting the text's content in an intriguing manner. In short, the bestseller cover seems to work to create a certain "aura" which acts as a stylized extension, and/or abbreviated summary of the atmosphere produced by the words within. Often a picture appears centralized on the cover - an image to catch the eye more quickly than mere printed words would. At a moment's glance, the passer-by has already noticed an image, and then continues to process its meaning, aided by the ensuing title and perhaps author's name. Certain expectations and questions are inspired, as techniques of the cover take effect in the mind of the potential reader. The meaning derived from the cover's collaborat ing external signifiers is often fulfilled within the internal text. Because the cover is reflective of the novel's internal workings, and often its "high/low" cultural classification, the first reader/cover encounter could both determine a reader's initial acceptance or rejection of the book, and be somewhat prophetic of his/her subsequent reading experience. In this way, the bestseller cover is effective in reflecting the inner substance of the writing (including "high" or "low" cultural quality) in an intriguing manner which attracts appropriate readers. Danielle Steele's Vanished portrays a small picture - an almost outlined (rather iconic) suggestion really - of a young boy in what ... ...s traits of the "low cultural" bestseller converge together in the compact, physical realm of the cover to reflect the content's most "popular" strengths in a way that is provoking, and often enigmatic. The use of image and other signifiers of the cover is handled differently by "high cultural" bestsellers, as their literary self-perceptions are different. Hence, although both "high" and "low cultural" bestsellers use similar methods of content reflection, their covers are remarkably dissimilar, owing to 1.The difference in the publishers' perception of the book's strengths (such as "art", or "entertainment"), and 2.The target audience the publisher wishes to attract, based upon these perceptions. All bestsellers are popular, and their charismatic covers, when channeled to the appropriate audience, must be imperative in their achievement of such immense popularity.

Jewish beliefs on life after death and Jewish Funerals Essay

Describe the Jewish beliefs about what happens to evil people after death. Death as a general concept is a very difficult concept to come to grips with; it is one of the very few events that occur in modern life where we do not have primary sources to inform us. The torah talks about â€Å"Every Jew having a portion in the world to come†. So we have already established that even the most evil person amongst our ranks will live beside us in the world to come. The problem in the above paragraph which is talked about a lot in Jewish teachings and literature is weather the evil people will live beside us or weather just like a class divide on the trains in England’s past they will be mere peasants in the back carriages. All sources at hand concur that for those possessed with good that have devoted their lives to mitzvoth the after life will only bring pleasure and the most desirable dreams. Back to the original question the problem and arguments occur when talking about evil people. During torah times we were told of a place designed for these sinners referred to as â€Å"Sheol†. When comparing this ideology to the idea of â€Å"Hell† believed by followers of the Christian belief, it was agreed that this is not the case and in fact Judaism does not believe in Hell. – Which is believed to be a mans worst nightmare and often depicted as a fiery underworld. The most well known description of Sheol is a place where the soul is made to stand naked, with no shelter to hide and to have to explain and come to terms with all the sins it has committed. AO2 – Explain how a Jewish funeral service might comfort someone whose close friend has died. The most visually explicit seen which would comfort a friend is the first part of a Jewish funeral, in Hebrew called the leveya translated into the accompaniment. This brings respect to the body and shows the onlookers including the friend how much this body is being respected in its current state and therefore how much it was loved. The (Chevra Kadisha) The most holy people, are the ones responsible for caring for the body after its death and before it is returned to the dust it was made from. It would make anybody feel comforted knowing that their loved was in the hands of these very people, they perform their tasks with the utmost respect. A Eulogy is delivered after the burial; this reminds the friend of the accomplishments that the man has achieved and that his time on the Earth will be remembered. During the second part of the funeral, a hole is dug and the body is put in, the mourner is made to cover the grave himself, this stimulates the mourners body physically and emotionally, and combined the realisation process will begin and he will start understanding that his friend is no longer with us in this world. After he has buried his friend he is in a period of mourning. During this crucial period of a Jewish death, he has certain mitzvoth he must observe, these include not shaving and not preparing your own food. Even non – Jewish therapists have agreed that this method is very good and helps an individual to accept the passing away in a gradual process. Kadish is a prayer said by a mourner and is important because it is said to elevate the soul of the relative and also allows the mourner to feel as if he is still helping even as his relative lies in his coffin. All of these tasks are specifically designed to help the mourner to understand this natural process and to help respect the dead. AO3 – â€Å"It cannot be true that there is life after death because there is no evidence for it. As afore mentioned it is difficult to find proof of the afterlife because we do not have primary sources to agree or disagree with its existence. The torah does specifically mention the afterlife in the form of â€Å"Sheol† and for Jews which follow the torah, this is the most textual proof they need in order to believe this. Just like most of the Jewish religion, Belief plays a huge part, and to believe in the after life is to have beliefs about Jewish ideology. The Mishna and the Gemara, Jewish book of learning do bring textual proof of their being an afterlife. In my opinion the after life does exist, because I am a believer of Jewish principles which tell you that your good deeds will be rewarded and your bad ones deducted from you, I can only believe that my actions in this world, will all be linked to the world to come and I shall receive my just deserves.

The Biggest Gulf War Ever Happened - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 562 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gulf War Essay Did you like this example? The gulf war is considered the biggest gulf war that happened because of the damaged that it cost and the countries that were involved. The Gulf War started on 2 August 1990- 28 February 1991. While the Operation Desert Shield (The battle between Iraq and Kuwait)   happened on 2 August 1990- 17 January 1991, and the Operation Desert Storm (The battle between the U.S vs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Biggest Gulf War Ever Happened" essay for you Create order Iraq battle ) happened on,17 January 1991- 28 February 1991. The countries that got involved location wise are Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Israeli, and the Persian Gulf. The belligerents that were involved are Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United States, United Kingdom, and France vs. Iraq. The strength is 956,600 soldiers, including 700,000 US troops vs. 650,000 soldiers. President Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq at the time of the war. The war started with Iraq invading Kuwait. There was a couple of incidents causing the invasion of Kuwait. The first is that Iraq claims to Kuwait as Iraqi territory, but historically Kuwait had been a part of the Ottoman Empires. As a result of that incident, the UK drew the border between the two countries in 1922, making Iraq virtually landlocked. Also, Kuwait rejected Iraqi attempts to secure further provisions in the region. The second is that Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quotas for oil production. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait were consistently overproducing; the latter at least in part to repair losses caused by Iranian attacks in the Iran–Iraq War and to pay for the losses of an economic scandal, as a result, was a slump in the oil price resulting loss of $7 billion a year to Iraq. Iraq was heavily debt-ridden and tensions within society were rising. Most of its debt was owed to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused. The third incident was in early July 1990, Iraq complained about Kuwaits behavior, such as not respecting their quota, and openly threatened to take military action. Background info about the military actions: Iraq had invaded Kuwait putting over the fifth of the worlds oil within his reach. Hussain refused to remove his troops from Kuwait. He also moved his troops on the borderline between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. If Hussain would have attacked Saudi Arabia the Saudi army would not stand a chance. At that moment he wouldve had control over have of the worlds oil. One of the ways to protect Saudi Arabia was to put the US and British troops on the border, but there was a problem, Saudi Arabia was a Muslim country. The main issue for the American troops was that Sadam unleashing his chemical weapons as in for gas, Saudi Arabia was never attacked. On January 18, 1991, Iraq attacked Israel with a chemical weapons attack. He used the Arab hatred towards Israel to collapse the coalition which didnt work. The U.S army launched 2 Laser-guided bombs in Iraq. In response, Saddam Hussein blew up the oil fields of Kuwait. The US and the coalition army attacked the Iraqi troops in Kuwait. The last atta ck of the Iraqi army was that they fired a Scud missile towards the coalition and the U.S troops. The U.S and the coalition armys had their final attack and they won the war.   (Why would the coalition join the U.S army, add more details about Saudi Arabia)

A Trully Hero Odysseus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2015 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Odyssey Essay Did you like this example? The Odyssey, created by Gareth Hinds is a translation based on Homers epic poem, and it is a graphic novel telling the story of Odysseus, a mortal man and the King of Ithaca. He leaves for the Trojan War when his son, Telemachus, is only a baby. Odysseus and his crew confront a lot of problems, but most of time, always find a way to escape them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Trully Hero Odysseus" essay for you Create order When his crew makes a fatal mistake though, Odysseus finds himself trapped on the island of Ogygia, and home of the Nymph Calypso. The poem tells of his hardships trapped by Calypso to when he defeats the suitors that infest his home. Odysseus gets help by the gods to help him escape this land in which he is trapped. The gods dont always help him though. He has struggles with some of these gods on his way back to his homeland where suitors ask for his wifes hand in marriage: due to Odysseus appearing dead to many. Through this hardship, Odysseus expresses many values in the Odyssey to himself and his comrades: suggesting that he is a hero. A hero in modern times is considered to be a person with exceptional courage, achievements, and noble qualities according to merriam-webster.com. Two values truly show that he is a hero for our times: his great leadership through tough times and his great use of self-control. Odysseus encounters many hardships along the way of returning home, and even when he arrives home, but no matter the hardship Odysseus shows exceptional leadership to the people he leads, showing a great quality for a hero in our times. One of these situations is shown when Odysseus and his men get trapped in the cave of Poseidons son, the cyclops Polyphemus. When Polyphemus realizes that Odysseus and his men are trapped in his cave, he has the intention to eat every one of them. Odysseus knows that he will not stop no matter what they do, and hell never let them go: After devouring two of my men, the cyclops lay down to sleep. He [does] not fear us, for even if we could kill him, we could not possibly move that giant stone. We [are] trapped (98). Odysseus then knows the only thing to do is to devise a plan to escape the cave with his crew. Odysseus comes up with the plan after four of his men are devoured, but he wants to make a flawless plan that will get as many of his crew out that he possibly can. Odysseus follows through with the plan after two more of his crew are devoured: first he gives Polyphemus the strong wine. Polyphemus seems to like the wine and wants to give a Odysseus a gift: Your gift, [Odysseus], is that I will eat you last! (101). This truly highlights that Odysseus needs to make the plan right, or Polyphemus would truly kill them in the harshest way. The wine makes Polyphemus fall asleep, and gives Odysseus time to poke his eye with a sharpened hot log. This causes him to scream in pain, calling Odysseus by his given name, Nobody: Nobody! Nobodys trying to kill me! (104). When no one responds do to Odysseus trickery, Polyphemus finds the boulder blocking the exit and moves it: this was Odysseus plan. He and his crew also have to get past the cyclops, and so they attach themselves to the bottom of the Polyphemus fleecy rams. This allows them to slip right past him, and allowing them to escape. Although some of his men die, Odysseus acts as quickly as he can to form a perfect plan that allows most to escape unharmed. This truly shows that Odysseus is a great leader and is never willing to give up on him and his comrades, and he is always willing to lead even under the worst of circumstances. Another example of Odysseus great leadership is shown when Odysseus has to confront Scylla. Odysseus knows that Scylla, the six-headed monster, will kill and devour six of his men. Odysseus also knows that fighting back against the creature wont pay off, and all the creature would do is continue to devour his men. Odysseus asks if he can defeat Scylla, Circe respond s, Stubborn old campaigner, put that idea out of your mind. She is too terrible by far. If you stop to fight, she will take six more [of your men]. No, tell your men to row for their lives. That is your only chance (138). Odysseus chooses to listen to Circes warning words and keeps the crew in the dark about the creature: this is because it would cause them to freeze up allowing more of his men to get devoured by Scylla. Even though he knows he cant defend his men entirely, he still arms himself to possibly protect his men. When Scylla attacks, only six of his men were devoured. Although, it was still six and not zero, and he still has the best intention to protect his men from all that may harm them. Also, the first six men he has no control over, and he does his best to not lose any more. Another example of Odysseus appearing to be a exceptional leader is when he leads his men to victory against the suitors. Odysseus is looking to take vengeance on the suitors for taking advantage of his home and trying to take his wifes hand in marriage. He wants to make sure that failure isnt an option. He spends a long time disguised as the stranger who begs and only gives news of Odysseus. Little did anyone know that he is Odysseus. He tells Telemachus of his return and gets everything ready for the fight. He has every advantage against the suitors, and one example of this is said by Odysseus during the meeting with Telemachus: When it is time, I will give you a nod. At that signal, gather up all of the weapons in the hall and lock them in the store room (168). Odysseus takes every possible outcome and does his best to combat that bad outcome from occuring. When this battle takes place, you can see that the planning pays off. Odysseus takes time to prep, leading his people to victory with those advantages. If he just ran into the fight with his comrades and no advantages, his leadership would look poor do to the vast majority of people against them. He could have lost many more men do to a lack of carelessness. These examples show a clear pattern of Odysseus showing exceptional leadership skills. Leadership, in terms of today, is looked upon as a great trait for that o f hero. Some may argue that he isnt a good leader do to the fact that he loses many men. In some of these situations, he cant prevent losing some men, but instead makes sure that he can save as many, if not all, of his men from danger. This shows Odysseus to be a great leader and a hero for our times. Odysseus has many points in the epic poem when he could have ran straight into conflict or could have been reckless, but he takes that and does just the opposite. Odysseus great use of self control in these situations help him to being a great hero for our times. One example of this heroic trait is shown when Odysseus takes his time to strike against Polyphemus. Odysseus knows when Polyphemus eats two of his men that hes be trapped, but he takes time to think of a plan that would help him and his crew escape with as little casualty as possible: [Odysseus] racked [his] brain for a plan that would let us escape alive from the clutches of that brute (99). If Odysseus were to simply attack Polyphemus without self-control to think of a flawless plan: he would have lost many lives. This is bad in itself, but they also wouldnt have been able to move the boulder. This could lead to starvation and more death. Odysseus self-control in this situation keeps him from being reckless which would not make him a hero for our times. Secondly, Odysseus appears as the stranger for a good amount of the epic poem. This is to make sure that he is concealed from the suitors and even the people that he knows. This gives him the time he truly needs to plan against the suitors. Odysseus then comes out of the stranger to Telemachus, who will help him with his plan. Odysseus says, No questions yet [Telemachus]. I must make a plan to slay the vermin who infest my palace [. . .] (167). This quote truly shows that he wants to make a perfect plan, and this is shown because he will not even take questions from his son that hes been away from for so many years. Hes so set on making a perfect plan that he completely ignores his sons possible questions. He wants to make sure the suitors pay as soon as possible with a perfect plan and no room for failure. After the meeting with Telemachus, Odysseus goes back into the form of the stranger. This shows that Odysseus is truly using self-control and, like he said, make a plan to slay the [suitors] who infest my palace. Odysseus even goes into his home as the stranger and sees what the suitors do to others and his very own wife. Even when, he still keeps to his character. This truly shows that Odysseus is wanting the advantages and using self-control, and making him look even more like a hero for our times. Lastly, during the fight against the suitors, Odysseus comes across two innocent men that were within his home during the time he was away. One of the men is the bard, Phemius, and another man named Medon the herald. Both of these men do nothing to throw down the name of Odysseus. Neither of them take advantage of his wife or the vast amount of food offered. Odysseus could have killed them along with the rest of the suitors and not hear their pleas, but he did hear their pleas: King Odysseus, I [Phemius] throw myself on you mercy. I am a minstrel, gifted by the gods with song. I never wanted to come here but was forced by the suitors (226). Telemachus also stands by their pleas saying, Dont kill him! [Phemius] speaks truly (226). This shows exceptional self-control in Odysseus based mainly on the fact that he could ignore them and just kill them. Instead though, he takes time to hear them out and spare them due to keeping honor to Odysseuss name. With all of these pieces of evidence along with many other examples of his exceptional self-control, I can conclude that Odysseus having this trait helps him look like a hero. This is also the case for our times, self control in the modern day is much va lued in a hero, and since Odysseus has this and shows it often he looks like a hero for our times. Odysseus being a hero in our times is quite a hard thing to distinguish on both sides as what he is more of, but his great self control and his great leadership truly shine a light on him being a great hero and role model for our times in the United States. Both of these qualities are looked for in people of our times. A hero is a person of exceptional noble qualities, courage and achievements. Odysseus has many noble qualities, and two being his self-control and leadership. Odysseus also is mainly recognised for contributing in the victory of the Trojan War and his story. He goes through many hardships with the gods and pays vengeance to the people that take advantage of his wife and his home. He also shows courage in the many things he does to make it back to his home and fight when he gets there. Odysseus shows all the traits of being a great hero in modern times, and he truly is one.